List of Emotions
Contents[hide] |
Plutchik's wheel of emotions
Robert Plutchik created a wheel of emotions in 1980 which consisted of 8 basic emotions and 8 advanced emotions each composed of 2 basic ones.[1]
| Basic emotion | Basic opposite |
|---|---|
| Joy | Sadness |
| Trust | Disgust |
| Fear | Anger |
| Surprise | Anticipation |
| Sadness | Joy |
| Disgust | Trust |
| Anger | Fear |
| Anticipation | Surprise |
| Advanced emotion | Composed of... | Advanced opposite |
|---|---|---|
| Optimism | Anticipation + Joy | Disappointment |
| Love | Joy + Trust | Remorse |
| Submission | Trust + Fear | Contempt |
| Awe | Fear + Surprise | Aggressiveness |
| Disappointment | Surprise + Sadness | Optimism |
| Remorse | Sadness + Disgust | Love |
| Contempt | Disgust + Anger | Submission |
| Aggressiveness | Anger + Anticipation | Awe |
Emotions by groups
Here is a categorised, tree structured list of emotions as described in Parrot (2001).[2][3]
| Primary emotion | Secondary emotion | Tertiary emotions |
|---|---|---|
| Love | Affection | Adoration, fondness, liking, attraction, caring, tenderness, compassion, sentimentality |
| Lust/Sexual desire | Arousal, desire, lust, passion, infatuation | |
| Longing | Longing | |
| Joy | Cheerfulness | Amusement, bliss, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, jolliness, joviality, joy, delight, enjoyment, gladness, happiness, jubilation, elation, satisfaction, ecstasy, euphoria |
| Zest | Enthusiasm, zeal, zest, excitement, thrill, exhilaration | |
| Contentment | Contentment, pleasure | |
| Pride | Pride, triumph | |
| Optimism | Eagerness, hope, optimism | |
| Enthrallment | Enthrallment, rapture | |
| Relief | Relief | |
| Surprise | Surprise | Amazement, surprise, astonishment |
| Anger | Irritation | Aggravation, irritation, agitation, annoyance, grouchiness, grumpiness |
| Exasperation | Exasperation, frustration | |
| Rage | Anger, rage, outrage, fury, wrath, hostility, ferocity, bitterness, hate, scorn, spite, vengefulness, dislike, resentment | |
| Disgust | Disgust, revulsion, contempt, loathing | |
| Envy | Envy, jealousy | |
| Torment | Torment | |
| Sadness | Suffering | Agony, suffering, hurt, anguish |
| Sadness | Depression, despair, hopelessness, gloom, glumness, sadness, unhappiness, grief, sorrow, woe, misery, melancholy | |
| Disappointment | Dismay, disappointment, displeasure | |
| Shame | Guilt, shame, regret, remorse | |
| Neglect | Alienation, isolation, neglect, loneliness, rejection, homesickness, defeat, dejection, insecurity, embarrassment, humiliation, insult | |
| Sympathy | Pity, sympathy | |
| Fear | Horror | Alarm, shock, fear, fright, horror, terror, panic, hysteria, mortification |
| Nervousness | Anxiety, nervousness, tenseness, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, distress, dread |
In artificial languages
Lojban emotions
The artificial language Lojban has interjections expressing degrees of emotions.[citation needed] These include:
- Simple emotions
- Complex emotions
- Pure emotions
- fear - nervousness - security - intimidation
- togetherness - privacy
- respect - disrespect
- appreciation - envy
- love - indifference - hatred
- familiarity - mystery
- Propositional attitudes
- attentive - inattentive - avoiding
- alertness - exhaustion
- intent - indecision - refusal
- effort - no real effort - repose
- hope - despair
- desire - indifference - reluctance
- interest - no interest - repulsion
- Complex propositional attitudes
- permission - prohibition
- competence - incompetence
- obligation - freedom
- constraint - independence - resistance to constraint
- request - negative request
- suggestion - no suggestion - warning
- understand - confused
EARL
The HUMAINE Emotion Annotation and Representation Language (EARL) classifies the following 48 emotions.[4]
- Negative and forceful
- Negative and not in control
- Anxiety
- Embarrassment
- Fear
- Helplessness
- Powerlessness
- Worry
- Negative thoughts
- Negative and passive
- Agitation
- Positive and lively
- Caring
- Positive thoughts
- Quiet positive
- Reactive
